Man made disasters
1.Nuclear Disasters
A nuclear and radiation accident is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as
"An event that has led to significant consequences to people, the environment or the facility."
Ex: Bhopal gas tragedy
During the night of December 2-3, 1984, a storage tank containing methyl isocyanate (MIC) at the Union Carbide pesticide plant leaked gas into the densely populated city of Bhopal, India.
Killing an estimated 3,000 to 6,000 people, the Bhopal Gas Leak was one of the worst industrial accidents in history.
2.Biological Disasters
Biological Disaster may be described as a disaster caused due to natural outbreaks of epidemics or intentional use of biological agents (Viruses/bacteria etc.) through dissemination of micro-organism or toxins in food or water or insect vector or by aerosol to harm human population, food crops and livestock to cause outbreaks of diseases.
Biological agents are living organisms or their toxic products that can kill or incapacitate people, livestock, and plants.
Biological weapons are referred to as a "poor man's bomb" because they are easy to manufacture, can be deployed without sophisticated delivery systems, and have the ability to kill or injure hundreds of people.
Epidemics:
Some of epedimics like
AIDS, Ebola, Swine flu, Chikungunya etc
(Virus which causes Ebola)
(Victims of Ebola)
3.Chemical Disasters
Chemical Disaster is a hazardous substances which could harm human health or the environment. Chemical hazards are systems where chemical accidents could occur under certain circumstances
Industrial (chemical) hazards are threats to people and life-support systems that arise from the mass production of goods and services. When these threats exceed human coping capabilities or the absorptive capacities of environmental systems they give rise to industrial disasters. Industrial hazards can occur at any stage in the production process, including extraction, processing, manufacture, transportation, storage, use, and disposal. Losses generally involve the release of damaging substances (e.g. chemicals, radioactivity, genetic materials) or damaging levels of energy from industrial facilities or equipment into surrounding environments. This usually occurs in the form of explosions, fires, spills, leaks, or wastes. Releases may occur because of factors that are internal to the industrial system (e.g. engineering flaws) or they may occur because of external factors (e.g. extremes of nature). Releases may be sudden and intensive, as in a power-plant explosion, or gradual and extensive, as in the build-up of ozone-destroying chemicals in the stratosphere or the progressive leakage of improperly disposed toxic wastes.
Effects of Chemical Disasters
By this Toxic Gases leads to Increase of Carbon monoxide & Carbon dioxide, leads to Green house effect & Global Warming ( melting of Ice ) and due choloroflouro Carbons leads to depletion of Ozone layer ) O3
(Melting of Ice Bars due to Global Warming)
4.Fire accidents
Fire is a very good servant, but, a very bad master. As long as fire is under our control, it serves a lot of useful purposes for us, but, once it goes out of our control, it can create a lot of destruction. However, despite the presence of fire safety measures, the occurrence of accidents is oftentimes inevitable.
It is this combination (of good servant and bad master), which is dangerous.
Reason for fire Accidents
- Electric short Circuit – Unsafe wiring, overloading, sub-standard electrical equipments/ fittings and electric wiring/connection done by unskilled persons.
- Unattended and uncovered lamps/candle that falls down due to the movement of pets/rat/car or children.
- Practice of NOT putting off the fire before sleep or unattended/unguarded fire.
- Not observing safety precautions regarding LPG gas cylinders.
- Not paying attention to fire wood size and oversize wood beyond the fire place.
- Habit of throwing cigarette/bidi butts before putting it off.
- Lighting Diyas and agarbatti near photos of gods but not paying due attention on it
Precautions For Fire Accidents
➢ Always take care on burning necked lamps.
➢ Do not smoke in Bed/throw burning buds here and there.
➢ Do not keep any Inflammable liquid items near the Hearth in Kitchen.
➢ Ensure that all Electrical wiring in the house are good
➢ Ensure that Fire in the Kitchen have been put off before going to bed.
➢ Don't keep hay stock nearby the house.
➢ As far as possible, the houses be constructed giving sufficient space.
➢ Don't play Crackers/Rockets/Bombs etc. near the house. These be enjoyed under the supervision of senior and respectable person.
➢ Don't keep Match boxes/Lighter etc. at the reach of the children.
➢ Don't keep Agarbathi (Burning Sandal sticks/Diya) carelessly near the photos of the God and Goddesses.
➢ Don't make Fire in the garden when wind is blowing.
What to do in Case of Fire Accident:-
➢ In case of Fire accident, immediate information be given to Fire Station/nearest Police Station in the following Telephone Numbers :
i) Fire Station: Tel / Phone No. 101
ii) Police Station Tel - 100
➢ Give the correct address of the Fire premises and route.
➢ On hearing the Fire ALARM keep the road clear.
➢ Do not disturb the Fire Brigade during Fire Fighting.
➢ Gathering of Crowd makes Fire Fighting operation difficult.
➢ Shout for help in case of Fire and for rescue.
➢ Protect the personal belongings of the Fire victim being stolen by ill hearted and narrow minded people.
➢ Help in evacuation of the fire burn victims to the Hospital for medical assistance.
5.Road accidents
A traffic collision, also known as a motor vehicle collision (MVC), traffic accident, motor vehicle accident, car accident,automobile accident, road traffic collision, road traffic accident, wreck, car crash, or car smash occurs when a vehiclecollides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other stationary obstruction, such as a tree or utility pole. Traffic collisions may result in injury, death and property damage.
1. As they say speed thrills and also kills. Keep a rein on your speed, so that one is in better control of the vehicle. Find out what causes you to speed up? Is there an urge to speed when you have a driver close behind? Or, is it an effort to keep up with the traffic flow. Or, do you simply enjoy over-taking? It is especially important to lower speed while nearing schools, on narrow roads, hilly areas, rural areas and when visibility is poor. Wet roads and speed is a perfect recipe for an accident.
2. Obey traffic rules. Traffic rules have been designed with safety foremost in mind. It takes into account safety for all, including pedestrians. Follow the lane, and keep the required distance between vehicles. It is important to display appropriate indications/signals especially while changing lanes or before a turn. Respect for other drivers on the road is sacrosanct to road safety.
3. Wear seat belts. Seat belts are life saving. A statistic has revealed that 63% of those who died in accidents had not strapped on their seat belts. According to the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA), lap-shoulder belt systems cut the risk of serious injury and fatality by 50 percent. Seat belts help in protecting the internal organs in a crash as it restrains the forward movement of the body to a great extent. It protects against head and neck injuries by minimizing head contacts and keeps the passenger in place.
4. Pedestrians and children come first – Preference is to be given to pedestrians and children crossing the road
5. Read caution signs: Caution signs are very important as they warn about accident prone spots so that the driver can reduce the speed of the vehicle. Signboards on the road are vital clues about road design so that the person behind the wheel can exercise caution.
6. Avoid drugs and alcohol while driving. Drugs and alcohol can slow down reflexes, disrupt accurate judgments, and cause mental alertness to dip. They have been the reason behind many fatal road accident
6.Terrorism
It is defined as
the unofficial or unauthorized use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims.
(on 21st feb 2013 bomb blast at Dilsukhnagar)
Hence we cannot stop the natural Disasters, but atleast we can stop this Man made disasters, it is in our hands…
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