upscdictionary:: Indus Valley Civilization (Cities, Findings, Arts and Crafts, Script)

Important Cities, archaeological findings, Arts and Crafts, Script of Indus valley Civilization (includes town planning also)

S. No	Sites/Harappa Cities	Findings/ Important Discoveries
1	Harappa (Gateway City)	Two Rows of 6 granaries Work men’s quarter Virgin-Goddess (Seal) Clay Figures of Mother Goddess Wheat and Barley in wooden Mortar Copper Scale, Mirror, Vanity Box, Dice Sculpture Dog chasing a Deer (made of Bronze) Nude Male and Nude Dancing female (Stone) Sand Stone Male Torso
2	Mohenja Daro (Mound of the Dead)	Steatite Image of Bread Man The Great Bath of Mohenja Daro Sculpture of Dancing Girl (Bronze) Proto- Shiva seal The great granary (Largest-Building) Multi-pillared Assembly Hall Clay figures of mother goddess
3	Chanhudaro (Lancashire of India)	Inkpot, Lipstick Carts with Seated Driver, Ikkas of Bronze Imprint of Dogs paw on the brick Only city without citadel
4	Lothal (Manchester of Indus valley Civilization)	Rice Husk, Fire altars, Grinding Machine Terracotta figure of Horse and Seal, Terracotta Ship, Tusks of Elephant Dying Rat, Painted jar (Bird and Fox) Houses with entrance on the main streets Impressions of cloth on some seals Modern Clay chess Instruments for measuring etc
5	Kalibangana (Black Bangle)	Decorated Bricks, Bangle factory, Wheels of toy cart Remains of massive Brick wall around the citadel and lower town, Bones of camel Mother goddess figurines are absent here
6	Surkotada	Both Citadel and Lower town fortified with stone wall Remains of Horse Bones Cemetery with four pot burials
7	Daimabad	Bronze Images of Charioteer with Chariot ox, elephants and Rhinoceros
8	Dholavira	Only cite to be divided into 3 parts Giant water Reservoir Unique water harnessing system Dams and Embankments A stadium, Rock cut architecture
9	Banawali	Oval shaped settlement Only city with Radial streets Lack of Systematic Drainage Pattern Toy plough, largest Number of Barley grains
10	Ropar	Buildings made of stone and soil Dog buried with Human One inscribed steatite seal with typical Indus pictographs, Oval pit Burials
11	Amri	Actual remains of rhinoceros
12	Alamgirpur	Impression of Cloth on a trough
13	Sutkagendor	Two Fold Division of lower Town

Pot Burrial

Bangle factory

Bones

Great Bath of MohenjaDaro

Cart Toys

Terracotta Figures of Horse and Seal

Statue of Beard Man

Proto Siva Seal

Nude Male and Nude Dancing female (Stone)

6 Granaries in Rows

chief female diety

Arts and Crafts

1. Harappans used stone tools and implements and were all acquainted with tools made of Bronze. Bronze is obtained by mixing copper with tin.
2. Boat making jewelry of gold, silver precious stone and bead making was practiced
3. POTTERY both plain red of painted pots were decorated with human figures, plants, animals and geometrical patterns.
4. METAL IMAGES bronze image of a nude woman dance identified as devadasi and stone steatite images of bearded man were both obtained from Mohenjo Daro.
5. Terracotta figurines fire baked clay was used to make toys, objects of worship, animals (monkey, dogs sheep cattle, humped and humpless Bulls) Cattle toys with movable head, toy-carts, whistles shaped like birds, and both male and female figurines.
6. They played dice games. Gambling seems to be their favourite time pass.

SCRIPT

1. It was pictographic in nature; fish symbol is the most represented. Overlapping of the letters show that it was written from right to left in the first line. The second line is from right to left, This Style is calledBoustrophedon

Town planning

1. Town planning was not uniform a common feature was the grid system i.e. streets cutting across one another at right angles, dividing the town into large rectangular blocks
2. The towns were divided into two parts the upper part or citadel and the lower part
3. Underground drainage system connected all the houses to the street Drains, made of mortar, lime and gypsum, they were covered with either brick or stone slabs and equipped with manholes. This shows a developed sense of health and sanitation
4. The great bath (Mahenjo Daro) was used for religious bathing steps for inlet to the tank and outlet for drain water, there were changing rooms long side
5. The granaries (Harappa) 6 granaries in a row were found in the citadel at Harappa
6. Houses were made up of burnt bricks
7. Lamp posts were erected at regular intervals. It includes the existences of the street lighting

Indus Valley Civilization Main Article

Start Quiz

Indus Valley Civilization